Non - Aligned Movement
Non - Aligned Movement
Preamble
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an important world organization of
the third world countries who do not wish to be aligned with any of the big
powers. The NAM can be defined as:
“The international forum
of the people of the third World who openly condemn and negate the lust for
creating th e spheres of influence by the super powers and thus is an important
and effective organ against Colonialism and imperialism.”
Reasons for the
Formations of NAM
The World War II divided the world into two power blocs. The
Western bloc being headed by U.S.A and the socialist bloc being governed by
U.S.S.R.
These two superpowers involved in cold war creating great problems
for the smaller nations and underdeveloped countries. The best policy for such
states would have been to isolate themselves from the cold war of the super
powers and fully concentrate on their economic, social and cultural uplift. NAM
is an organization to help these nations to exist.
Bandung Conference
A meeting of those countries of the World who had no alignment
with any super power was held in Bandung (Indonesia) on April 24, 1955. It was
held to discuss the problems faced by Afro-Asian countries which was mainly to
avoid the “Tug of War” of the super powers.
Main Features of NAM or
Panjshila Principles
The declared principles of NAM are:
1. Respect of Independence and Sovereignty
To respect each others sovereignty, territorial integrity and
independence.
2. Avoid Aggression
To refrain from acts of aggression or use of force against any
states.
3. Non interference
Non interference in others international affairs.
4. Recognization of Equality and Liberty
To recognize the equality and liberty of all the nations.
5. Peace
To live in a peaceful atmosphere.
Objective of NAM
1. To promote good will and cooperation among the
Afro-Asian countries.
2. To consider social, economic and cultural
problem of all participants.
3. To consider the problems like
radicalism and colonialism.
4. To access the position of Afro-Asian states and
their people in the world.
Summit Conferences of Non
- Aligned Movement
First Summit Conference
It was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia) in 1961 in which 25 nations
took part. The rules for obtaining membership of NAM were drafted.
Second Summit Conference
It was held at Cairo (Egypt) in 1964.
Third Summit Conference
It was held at Lusaka (Zambia) in 1970. 51 countries participated
in this conference.
Fourth Summit Conference
It was held at Algiers (Algeria) in September 1973. In this
conference the membership of Pakistan and China was opposed by India.
Fifth Summit Conference
It was held at Colombo (Srilanka) in August, 1976. 86 countries
participated in this conference.
Opposition of radicalism and expansionism was declared. Arab cause
was supported and USA was criticized for its annexation over Vietnam and Cuba.
Sixth Summit Conference
It was held at Havana (Cuba) on 3rd September,
1979 to 9th September, 1979. Pakistan attended this meeting for
the first time as a member of NAM.
Seventh Summit
Conference
It was held at Delhi (India) in March 1983. 101 countries
participated in this conference. Arab cause, Palestine War, South African and
Namibian struggle were discussed. USA was criticized for assisting Israel.
Eighth Summit Conference
It was held at Harare (Zimbabwe) on 1st September
1986. Afghanistan Problem, Iran Iraq War, Palestine and Namibian issue were
discussed.
Ninth Summit Conference
It was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia) on 4th September,
1989.
Pakistan – As the member
of NAM
Pakistan joined NAM in 1979 although it participated actively in
the 1st conference and attended the 5th conference
as an observer. This was due to the fact that Pakistan was a member of SEATO
and CENTO. Pakistan got rid of these organizations after the war with India
(1965) and the debacle of East Pakistan (1971) when the sponsors of SEATO and
CENTO did not came to help it.
Today, Pakistan participates actively in the programs of NAM and
advocates affectively the problems relating to its member countries. Pakistan
placed the case of foreign interference in Afghanistan in the Session of the 7th conference
and was able to get most of the members confirm Pakistan stand on the problem
and its equitable solution.
Conclusion
The NAM re-affirmed the
inalienable right of all states to apply and develop their programs for
peaceful uses of nuclear energy for economic and social development.